When the circus came to Wintersburg Village

ABOVE, EL CIRCO ESCALANTE: The Escalante Circus raised their tent about 300 feet east of the intersection of Talbert Avenue and Bushard Street, near the Southern Pacific Railroad line.  Former circus man Ivan Henry of Circus Blog, identifies some of the group: Chata, Melonga, Mary Henry, Cliff Henry, Landon Midgets, Henry Escalante, Lalo Escalante, Phil Escalante, the Gutierrez family, and wire walker Herby Weber, far right. (www.circusblog.wordpress.com)

-Updated: April 2017-

   The Los Angeles Herald reported in 1910, "there are three particularly happy days in the American calendar, Christmas, Fourth of July, and circus day.  Of these, circus day is easily the merriest...somehow it holds a steady place in the human heart."

   Word about a circus arriving in the middle of the peatlands would have spread exponentially from farm to farm, as fast as the little feet of chattering children, interrupting the normally quiet rural life with the sound of trumpets and calliope.  

   Crossing through the fields of sugar beets and chili peppers, came exotically-costumed performers, animals, clowns, puppet shows, live music.  It was the type of mind-blowing excitement that made farm children watch the minutes tick by on the school clock until the day was over.

RIGHT: A late 1800s children's book captured American children's sense of magic about the arrival of a circus.  (Image, Library of Congress, The Circus Procession. N.Y., McLoughlin Bro’s., c1888)

   Most farm country pioneers had little time for recreation and when they did, the available entertainment was simple: the beach, picnics, music from anyone with an instrument, and, when available, motion pictures.

   Clarence Nishizu, a Wintersburg Japanese Mission congregant, recalled during his 1981 oral history interview an annual picnic for area families at Santiago Beach, an open beach at the ocean end of Bushard Street in southeast Huntington Beach.  Now and then, there were movies held at a large chili pepper warehouse in the Stanton area.

LEFT: The Furuta family children and others in the Wintersburg peatlands and rural Orange County usually created their own entertainment. (Photo circa 1915-1918, Wintersburg's Cole Ranch located near present day Warner and Gothard avenues, courtesy of the Furuta family) ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ©

   "They didn't have any talkies," remembered Nishizu.  "But they had silent movies and they had a person called a 'benshi' who would stand in front on the side of the screen and while the picture was showing he would simulate the words spoken by the different characters in the movies. They had this maybe once, or even twice, a month."

   When the Escalante Brothers Circus arrived in Orange County, they marched right down Wintersburg Road (Warner Avenue) to advertise they were in town.  Musicians, acrobats, trapeze artists paraded down the country roads in a loop through Wintersburg and Huntington Beach, before returning to their circus camp in Talbert (present-day Fountain Valley).  A trail of children followed.
    

RIGHT: Circo Escalante Hermanos was founded in 1909--the same year Huntington Beach incorporated--and toured Mexico, the southwest United States and Europe. (Image, circushistory.org)

Escalante Brothers Circus
   The Escalante family was described in a 1940s news clipping as "the most amazing family in circus history."  Attractive and charismatic, the large family created a sensation when they arrived in town with lively music and bright tents.  According to Nicolás Kanellos in his History of Hispanic Theater in the United States, the Circo Escalante Hermanos' great tent included a prosenium stage and, in addition to circus acts, their performances included melodramas and zarzuelas.

   Bob Taber wrote about "The Escalante Circus From Mexico" more than fifty years ago in a January - February 1961 issue of Bandwagon.  At the time of the article, the original founding brothers--Mariano, Pedro and Marcus--were retired and living in Los Angeles.

LEFT: Louise Esther Escalante, 1936 - 2006, part of the Escalante circus tradition. (Photo, FamilySearch.org)

   "There was an era in the circus history of the Southwest, principally California, Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado, when the so-called Mexican circus filled its place. Performers from these later presented acts as stars of circuses playing from Coast to Coast, Canada and the United States," writes Taber. 

"Between 1910 and the mid-thirties there came to this country from South of the border Mexican parents with their talented children," describes Taber.  "They had an entire show within the family as all members did several acts. Their expenses were small, local restrictions were not too strict and they prospered."

 

   Originally from  Zacatecas, Mexico, the circus "moved via ox-cart across the trail-like roads of Mexico" and crossed into Texas to perform.  With the Mexican Revolution in full force, the Escalantes began performing more often in the United States.  Every family member was involved in circus performances, sewing their own tents and costumes.

   "All these shows were patterned on the European type. They were one ring affairs with a stage at the end, where the dancing numbers were presented.  Two or three rows of chairs in circles surrounded the ring. These were reserved for extra money," describes Bandwagon.  

RIGHT: The Escalante Sisters later performed with other circus groups across the country.

   "A bright red carpet covered the ring floor with the initials of the show worked out in gold or white. Baskets of paper flowers were fastened to the quarter poles.  On occasions those flowers were sprayed with perfume.  The interior of the tent was decorated with flags and pennants," continued Bandwagon, revealing the circus' magical quality at night.  

   "At first, illumination come from gasoline lights, later it was electricity. Over the tent was strung a row of colored lights. Before each performance the band gave an outside concert."

LEFT: Louise Esther Escalante, daughter of Henry and Lorena Escalante, was a graduate of Alhambra High School in the San Gabriel Valley. (Photo, FamilySearch.org)

   The circus shows of the time "wildcatted."  They did not announce their visit in advance, instead distributing handbills as they paraded through town on arrival.  The circus parade was the means of advertising they were in town, creating excitement with a hint of the performers, musicians and animals that circus-goers would see at the show.  They stayed in the area as long as there was business. 

RIGHT: Lorena Escalante, wife of Henry "Blackie" Escalante, the grandson of the circus founder, Mariano. (Photo, circushistory.org)   

   In the unincorporated area of Talbert where the Escalante Circus put up their big tent, it's likely there were no fees.  After incorporation in 1909, Huntington Beach began charging a $20 fee per day for circuses to camp on city land, pushing the circus to County land.

   Conditions weren't always easy.  The Escalante Brothers Circus' agent, Lee Teller, wrote to Billboard in 1921 that he had just "returned from Mexico and Arizona, and that business across the line as far as Mazatlan was just fair."

"Conditions are none too good for shows, he says," describing the Escalante family's experience touring Mexico the year following the assassination of revolutionary leader Pancho Villa. "Money is scarce and the national currency only one-half value of this country."

   "In Nogales, the advance men of the Howe show were welcome visitors," continued Teller, "The Escalante troupers visited the Howe show at Yuma. In Coachella, the Escalante show ran into a wind storm, with a ninety-mile gale and the sun invisible for three days on account of the sand."

LEFT: Walter Knott's first berry stand along Highway 39 in Buena Park, circa 1920, around the time the Escalante Circus was making a tour of Mexico and Arizona. (Photo, City of Huntington Beach archives) 

  A good tent, bright lights, and a good band 

     What was it that made the Circo de Escalante such a beloved attraction?  In the 1961 interview, Mariano Escalante said "that to have a successful circus one should have a good tent, lots of bright light and a good band. He recalls that in 1916 there were 16 loud-blowing musicians in the band."  

RIGHT: The Escalante Circus Band, led by Jesus Mendoza, was part of the family's winning formula, along with a good tent and bright lights, according to Mariano Escalante.  (Photo, circushistory.org)

   The Escalante Brothers Circus advertised jugglers, trapeze acts, comic singers, gymnists, dancers, contortionists, tight wire acts, a trained bear, musical burro, clowns, "educated" ponies, and "the only singing coyote in the world."

    The Escalante Circus and others continued through the Great Depression, until municipal fees and regulations made it more difficult to be profitable.  However, like those in Wintersburg, the Escalante family made a success of their life in California and their descendants continue to live here today.
 
LEFT: The historical marker at the intersection of Talbert Avenue and Bushard Street in present-day Fountain Valley notes the circus parade went to Wintersburg.*  One of the first ordinances passed when Huntington Beach incorporated in 1909 included a fee of $20 per day for anyone operating a circus.  In unincorporated Orange County, the Talbert camp site was cheaper for a traveling circus.

   Notable acts with the Escalante Brothers Circus included actor Eddie Albert of television show Green Acres fame and Henry "Blackie" Escalante, who also went on to film and television.  

   Prior to World War II, and before his film career, Albert had toured Mexico as a clown and high-wire artist with the Escalante Brothers Circus. His official biographies state he secretly worked for U.S. Army intelligence, reportedly photographing German U-boats in Mexican harbors.

RIGHT: Actor Eddie Albert got his acting break with the Escalante Brothers Circus, prior to World War II.

    Henry "Blackie" Escalante, the grandson of Circus founder Mariano Escalante, performed with the circus as an aerialist.  The Los Angeles Times remembered in his 2002 obituary that, "like his grandfather, father and uncles, Henry Escalante mastered the trapeze and 'flew' with the family circus and others."

LEFT: Henry "Blackie" Escalante, 1915-2002, became a well-known actor and stuntman in Hollywood, living in Montebello, California.

   The turn of the Mexican Revolution that brought the Escalante Brothers Circus into California in a prior generation, led to a career in entertainment.  Blackie Escalante worked for more than 40 years as an actor and stuntman, including doubling for Johnny Weissmuller in the Tarzan films.   His work also included Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954), in which he played Chico, one of the boat crewmen,  stunt work on The Conqueror (1956), The Ten Commandments (1956) and Paint Your Wagon (1969).

   Beginning in the 1960s, Escalante appeared in episodes of The Man from U.N.C.L.E., The Girl From U.N.C.L.E., Mission: Impossible and Hart to Hart. His final TV appearance was in an 1983 episode of The Fall Guy.

   The Escalante Circus is reported to have toured from the 1910s to the 1950s.  By the mid to late 1940s, the small circuses that once brought excitement to rural California began to dwindle in number.  Although, the public still wanted to see them.

RIGHT: Milonga Escalante is shown touching up the makeup of circus clown, Merry Mell, in a Santa Ana Register feature highlighting the "hundreds of people and animals" to be seen in the Russell Brothers circus in Santa Ana, April 28 to 29, 1942. (Santa Ana Register, April 24, 1942)

At the end of April, 1942,--as Orange County's Japanese Americans were leaving California for forced World War II incarceration--the Seven Skyrocketing Escalantes joined the Russell Brothers' three-ring circus at a two-day show in Santa Ana.  They were described by the Santa Ana Register as "exemplifying the poetry of motion in the air."

   The public wanted to see them again.  A December 11, 1943 issue of Billboard reports, "The Escalante Circus, which has not been on road (in the U.S.) since 1938, opened November 4 for a six-day run in East Los Angeles..."   

   The Escalante Brothers Circus also performed that year in Orange County,  "at capacity" in Santa Ana for nine days and on to Anaheim and La Habra, before heading south.  

   "Their big top was a 100-foot roundtop," reported Billboard, noting the Escalante Circus included an eight-piece band. "Business here was big and on several days many were turned away."

   As the Los Angeles Herald affirmed in September, 1910, "there is no real, red-blooded man but feels the thrill of merriment when he hears the circus bands and gets a glimpse of the parade...You cannot escape the fever."

LEFT: A Day to remember. Hundreds of Orange Countians line the streets for a circus parade in Santa Ana, California, circa September, 1910. (Photo, Orange County Historical Society) 

*Editor's note: The historical marker for the Escalante Circus site is at 33° 42.093′ N, 117° 57.75′ W, in Fountain Valley, California, at the intersection of Talbert Avenue and Bushard Street, on the right when traveling east on Talbert Avenue.

All rights reserved. No part of the Historic Wintersburg blog may be reproduced or duplicated without prior permission from the author and publisher, M. Adams Urashima. 

Goldfish on Wintersburg Avenue Part 2: The living jewels of the Furuta Gold Fish Farm

ABOVE: Toshiko Furuta holds her sister, Grace, with Kazuko and Etsuko Furuta, near the Wintersburg Avenue frontage of the Gold Fish Farm, circa 1928.  The children are east of the barn, behind the Furuta bungalow.  An automobile can be glimpsed just inside the barn.  Yukiko Furuta recalled her husband buying a Chevy, in which she was a little nervous to ride at first.  (Photograph courtesy of the Furuta family) © ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

   Did you ever wonder why goldfish and koi ponds have been a long tradition in landscapes around Orange County?  Most likely, the trend owes its roots to Wintersburg.

   One of Wintersburg's most unique business enterprises were the goldfish farms, all owned by Issei (Japanese immigrants).  While there was a long history of goldfish farming in Asia, this was a fairly new enterprise for America.  The glittering fish delighted the American public and ignited a trend that remains popular today.

   By the 1920s, Charles M. Furuta had established goldfish ponds on his property in Wintersburg, with help from his brother-in-law, Henry Kiyomi Akiyama.  Henry Akiyama had tried a small goldfish pond as a hobby and found the fish multiplied easily.  

ABOVE: Goldfish have been bred in captivity for more than 1,500 years according to the Goldfish Society of America.  They reportedly made their way into the United States by at least the mid 1800s--perhaps earlier--and the public never lost their fascination.  This 1909 feature in the Los Angeles Herald describes goldfish aquariums as an "old time interest." (Image, Los Angeles Herald, January 17, 1909) 

   C.M. and Yukiko Furuta and Henry and Masuko Akiyama had been working and living in a large house on the Cole Ranch, off present-day Wintersburg (Warner) Avenue and Gothard Avenue.  The Cole Ranch is within short walking distance of the Furuta farm site and is the site of present-day Ocean View High School.  The Furutas were saving money while working on the Cole Ranch in order to develop their own property.

The first goldfish ponds
   The Furutas moved back to their property around 1914-1915 and began working the farm site.  Henry Akiyama and his wife, Masuko (Yukiko Furuta's sister), began living in a small house C.M. Furuta previously had moved to his property (once lived in by the Terahata family). The goldfish ponds on the Furuta property may be the first commercial goldfish ponds developed in Orange County.

   Interviewed in 1982 for the Honorable Stephen K. Tamura Orange County Japanese American Oral History Project, Henry Akiyama recalled there were only three major goldfish farms in Orange County, all starting in Wintersburg: the Furuta Gold Fish Farm, the Asari Gold Fish Farm (owned by Tsurumatsu Asari), and later the Pacific Gold Fish Farm (owned by Henry Akiyama)---all three active members of the Wintersburg Japanese Presbyterian Mission.  

   The only other major goldfish business Henry Akiyama knew of was in Los Angeles. (Editor's note: by 1928, Orange County City directories show a few stores in Santa Ana and Costa Mesa selling a variety of birds, cages, goldfish and aquariums, including "the pioneer bird man of Orange County," the Orana Bird and Goldfish Company in Santa Ana.) 

   The farmers took barrels of goldfish to Orange County, Long Beach and Los Angeles buyers, and later, goldfish were shipped in barrel containers by train to buyers around the country.  (Read about an early mishap trucking goldfish, Goldfish on Wintersburg Avenue part 1, http://historicwintersburg.blogspot.com/2012/02/goldfish-on-wintersburg-avenue.html)

A walk on the Furuta Gold Fish Farm
   Henry Akiyama recalled some of his relatives in Japan had raised koi (carp) and had watched their farming practices.  When his hobby pond proved successful, he and C.M. Furuta increased the pond acreage at the Furuta farm site to cover three or more acres of the five-acre site.  The rest of the acreage included the Furuta home, Wintersburg Japanese Presbyterian Mission complex, and food and flower crops.

   The Furuta Gold Fish Farm ponds contained a variety of species, indicating local goldfish farmers were  specializing to accommodate growing market demands for the exotic fish.  In addition to the more common Comets, there were Black Moors, Fantails, Shubunkin, and Nymphs.  A fresh water well on the Furuta farm and a network of irrigation piping kept the pond acreage filled.

LEFT: This diagram was hand-drawn by C.M. Furuta in 1935, revealing the layout of the goldfish ponds on the Furuta farm site.  The top of the diagram is south, the bottom is north.  The Furuta home on Wintersburg Avenue is located at the bottom of the drawing; the unmarked site of the Wintersburg Japanese Presbyterian Mission is located west (to the right) of the Furuta home. (Image courtesy of the Furuta family) © ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

   The Furuta Gold Fish Farm continued to operate up until World War II.  President of the Smeltzer Japanese Association at the time, C.M. Furuta was incarcerated along with other community and religious leaders* at the U.S. Army's Lordsburg, New Mexico detention center while his family was sent to the Poston, Arizona Relocation Center.  He later joined them at Poston, after a year's separation.  During their confinement at Poston, the Furuta family rented their house to a local family and asked they maintain the ponds.  Upon their return from internment, their home was in fairly good condition however the ponds were dried up and filled with silt.

   The Furutas did not restore the ponds for goldfish.  Instead, they recovered the former ponds' lily flower roots and began farming water lilies.  

   One of the rear additions on the Furuta barn holds what appear to be shallow sorting troughs.  Norman Furuta--grandson of C.M. Furuta and a graduate of Huntington Beach High School--recently said preparing cut water lilies is "a pretty labor-intensive process."

   "Each flower had to be 'waxed' by my parents (Ray and Martha Furuta) by dripping a candle around the center of the flower while it was open," explained Norman Furuta.  "If this was not done, the lily completely closes when the sun sets, and doesn't open again until morning."

   Norman Furuta notes his family's farm was "to the family's knowledge, the only source of cut water lilies in the United States during the last half of the 20th century. We were aware of other commercial sellers of water lily plants, but my father (Ray Furuta) said he wasn't aware of anyone else producing cut water lilies for commercial use."

   During those years, area florists selling water lilies undoubtedly purchased them from the Furuta farm.   This crop, along with sweet pea flowers, proved to be a successful enterprise for the Furuta family from the post World War II years through the end of the 20th Century.

Identifying the fish on the Furuta Gold Fish Farm

   Using the hand-drawn diagram of C.M. Furuta, we can identify some of the species of goldfish raised on the Furuta Gold Fish Farm.

 

Comets: The Furuta Gold Fish Farm diagram identifies some ponds holding "comets" and others "black comets."

 

 Fantails:  A Western form of the Ryukin goldfish species.

 
Moors:  Considered one of the "fancy" goldfish species, Moors have telescope or protruding eyes, referred to as kuro demekin in Japan.

Nymphs:  Considered half "fancy" and half "common," and related to the fantail goldfish.

Shubunkin:  Typically splashed with calico pattern colors, the Shubunkin name translates as "red painted" or "red brocade."  The fish is said to have been first bred in Japan by Yoshigoro Akiyama by the early 1900s (unknown if he is related to Wintersburg goldfish farmer Henry Akiyama).  It is a popular outdoor pond fish that can grow up to a foot or more in length.   

Paradise: Not a goldfish, a Paradise gouramis is a fish tolerant of most water conditions and can live in outdoor ponds.  It is an agressive fish and not usually put in the same aquarium or pond as goldfish.  Eating insects and larvae, it was an ideal mosquito fish.

   One Huntington Beach resident recently remembered the Furuta farm as a wonderful garden filled with sweet pea flowers and water lilies.  Another resident who grew up in the Ocean View neighborhood near the farm recalls it as a magical place for local children.  Congregants at the Wintersburg Japanese Presbyterian Mission complex remember church carnivals held on the farm site.

   While most Wintersburg farmers grew food crops needed for kitchens around the country, the Furuta farm cultivated beauty in the form of the living jewels and flowers wanted for our homes.

ABOVE: Grace Furuta, C.M. and Yukiko Furuta's daughter, on an adventure in the Furuta Gold Fish Farm ponds, circa 1935. (Photograph courtesy of the Furuta family)  © ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

*No Japanese Americans were involved in wrong doing, as confirmed during Congressional hearings in the 1970s and 1980s. Those first interrogated, arrested and incarcerated typically were land owners, civic leaders, teachers and religious leaders. In Wintersburg Village, that included Charles Furuta and Reverend Sohei Kowta.

©  All rights reserved. No part of the Historic Wintersburg blog may be reproduced without prior written permission from the author, M. Adams Urashima.